110064
SO1: Identify potential hazzards in the work place.
Potential hazzards should be identified correctly and removed/reported/reduced in terms of own level of authority/ capasity.
hazzards can be anything from loose tiles to open live wires, low ceilings etc. these thigs should be reported to management as soon as possible and follow up on it afterwards to see if something has been done about the situation. simple procedures like this can eliminate things like lawsuits or personel getting injured.
as per company there are usually intructions on how to handel dangerous situations like substances or suspisious persons and why such situations are handeled a certain way.
Friday, January 13, 2012
Friday, January 6, 2012
Erosion
Erosion is when materials are removed from the surface and changed into something else. It only works by hydraulic actions and transport of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment, and leads to the deposition of these materials elsewhere. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity; or by living organisms, such as burrowing animals, in the case of bioerosion
Causes:
*The biological factors include ground cover from vegetation or lack thereof, the type of organisms inhabiting the area, and the land use.
*In general, given similar vegetation and ecosystems, areas with high-intensity precipitation, more frequent rainfall, more wind, or more storms are expected to have more erosion.
*Heavy grazing can reduce vegetation enough to increase erosion. Changes in the kind of vegetation in an area can also affect erosion rates.
*One of the main causes of erosive soil loss in the year 2006 is the result of slash and burn treatment of tropical forest. When the total ground surface is stripped of vegetation and then seared of all living organisms, the upper soils are vulnerable to both wind and water erosion
Effects:
*Approximately 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded
*Sheet erosion is the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their removal downslope by water flowing overland as a sheet instead of in definite channels or rills. The impact of the raindrop breaks apart the soil aggregate. Particles of clay, silt and sand fill the soil pores and reduce infiltration. After the surface pores are filled with sand, silt or clay, overland surface flow of water begins due to the lowering of infiltration rates
*Rill erosion refers to the development of small, ephemeral concentrated flow paths, which function as both sediment source and sediment delivery systems for erosion on hillslopes. Generally, where water erosion rates on disturbed upland areas are greatest, rills are active. Flow depths in rills are typically on the order of a few centimeters or less and slopes may be quite steep. These conditions constitute a very different hydraulic environment than typically found in channels of streams and river
*Gully erosion, also called ephemeral gully erosion, occurs when water flows in narrow channels during or immediately after heavy rains or melting snow. This is particularly noticeable in the formation of hollow ways, where, prior to being tarmacked, an old rural road has over many years become significantly lower than the surrounding fields. A gully is sufficiently deep that it would not be routinely destroyed by tillage operations, whereas rill erosion is smoothed by ordinary farm tillage. The narrow channels, or gullies, may be of considerable depth, ranging from 1 to 2 feet (0.61 m) to as much as 75 to 100 feet (30 m). Gully erosion is not accounted for in the revised universal soil loss equation.
Techniques used to combat erosion:
*Wind Breakes
*Ground coverage with branches or grass or any organic material
*Strone baskets places against slopes
*stream bank protection
*correct farming methods used.
Personal experience:
We started a anti-erosion project on a piece of degraded and eroded veldt in the springbok flats
Covering the ground with branches and old grass, pitting holes into the ground and
dispersing seeds.
Causes:
*The biological factors include ground cover from vegetation or lack thereof, the type of organisms inhabiting the area, and the land use.
*In general, given similar vegetation and ecosystems, areas with high-intensity precipitation, more frequent rainfall, more wind, or more storms are expected to have more erosion.
*Heavy grazing can reduce vegetation enough to increase erosion. Changes in the kind of vegetation in an area can also affect erosion rates.
*One of the main causes of erosive soil loss in the year 2006 is the result of slash and burn treatment of tropical forest. When the total ground surface is stripped of vegetation and then seared of all living organisms, the upper soils are vulnerable to both wind and water erosion
Effects:
*Approximately 40% of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded
*Sheet erosion is the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their removal downslope by water flowing overland as a sheet instead of in definite channels or rills. The impact of the raindrop breaks apart the soil aggregate. Particles of clay, silt and sand fill the soil pores and reduce infiltration. After the surface pores are filled with sand, silt or clay, overland surface flow of water begins due to the lowering of infiltration rates
*Rill erosion refers to the development of small, ephemeral concentrated flow paths, which function as both sediment source and sediment delivery systems for erosion on hillslopes. Generally, where water erosion rates on disturbed upland areas are greatest, rills are active. Flow depths in rills are typically on the order of a few centimeters or less and slopes may be quite steep. These conditions constitute a very different hydraulic environment than typically found in channels of streams and river
*Gully erosion, also called ephemeral gully erosion, occurs when water flows in narrow channels during or immediately after heavy rains or melting snow. This is particularly noticeable in the formation of hollow ways, where, prior to being tarmacked, an old rural road has over many years become significantly lower than the surrounding fields. A gully is sufficiently deep that it would not be routinely destroyed by tillage operations, whereas rill erosion is smoothed by ordinary farm tillage. The narrow channels, or gullies, may be of considerable depth, ranging from 1 to 2 feet (0.61 m) to as much as 75 to 100 feet (30 m). Gully erosion is not accounted for in the revised universal soil loss equation.
Techniques used to combat erosion:
*Wind Breakes
*Ground coverage with branches or grass or any organic material
*Strone baskets places against slopes
*stream bank protection
*correct farming methods used.
Personal experience:
We started a anti-erosion project on a piece of degraded and eroded veldt in the springbok flats
Covering the ground with branches and old grass, pitting holes into the ground and
dispersing seeds.
Tuesday, January 3, 2012
Conservation in sosiety
CONSERVATION IN SOCIETY
US: 252468
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1
Explain the concept and principles of nature conservation in broad terms.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The concept of nature conservation is explained in broad terms.Conserving the natural resources for future availability. To conserve is to protect a natural resource from over usage, hunting, harvesting and overall abusing. It must be done in such a manner that all aspects as people, areas and legislation agrees.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The principles of nature conservation are outlined as to define the role and purpose of Nature Conservation. We conserve resources from an ethical fundamental which is a principle, aswel as sustainability of a project.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
A comparison is drawn between sustainable and unsustainable use of natural resources. To be sustainable any project, farm, game reserve, heritage site, park needs 3 balanced fundamentals aka: money, physical aspects and cultural aspects.
Considering each contributes to the other.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2
Outline the history of nature conservation. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
An outline is given of key developments in the history of nature conservation as it applies to changing emphasis within this operational environment. Key developments in history include the trial and errors which have contributed to a paradigm shifts in people’s idea of what needs to be done to conserve resourses. From species conservation to biodiversity conservation. Animal centred to people centred aswell as protected areas shifting to landscape areas.
.ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 Phases such as different era’s, wants, beliefs, generations changes has caused different fases in conservation aswell as the impact of war, groot trek and inhabitation of South Africa as a whole. This all has lead to the realisation of conserving landmass, animals, minerals etc.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3
Demonstrate the relevance of nature conservation principles to society.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The value of nature conservation is explained as it applies to its aesthetic and ecological value. Aesthetically we conserve places or species for the beauty and peace of mind it contributes, it also generates more attraction for tourist and is both beneficial for work creation and tourist. Ecologically we conserve with the goal to keep ecosystems sustainable and self-functioning with minimal impact of human habitation. Ensuring a stable ecological system ensures safe drinking water sources and food availability and continuous resources.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The relevance of nature conservation is explained as it applies to the legacy of nature conservation for future generations. It is the ethical thing to do. Conserving means those future generations will also experience the resources we do at this day in time which is only fare. Effective conservation reduces global warming, eco-system collapse and destruction of natural heritage.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
The importance of nature conservation is explained as it applies to its economic and recreational value. Keeping resources sustainable means good eco-tourism, work creation, entrepreneurs, training and available medicine to local tribes. This all is beneficial for the economy of that specific area. People can also take part in sports and activities which they would travel far and wide to do. Conserving such places creates the possibilities of recreation.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
The contribution of nature conservation to a nation's health is described
South Africa is known for its biodiversity in cultures, fauna & flora, minerals, etc. conserving all these this creates attraction to south Africa from all over the world as we have some of the most beautiful places and animals to be seen as well as multiple different cultures and beliefs to experience. We have a rich history of war and apartheid and how our country rised from the ashes. Conserving what we have left makes South Africa a sustainable tourism industry.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4
Explain the inter-relatedness within ecosystems.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The meaning of eco-system inter-relatedness is clarified through the use of key conservation terms. ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The importance of conserving the integrity of the habitat is explained as it applies to the promoting of the survival of species. The importance of conserving such is to keep or develop it itno a sustainable system where minimal human interaction is needed. Implementing biodiversity for example makes an eco-system even more sustainable as it widens food chains and lowers risk of starvation.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5
Identify scarce plants and animals.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
An outline is provided of the work of local, national and international conservations agencies. NGO's- non governmental organisation
IUCN- International union for conserving nature
WWF- world wildlife fund
TRAFFIC-TRAFFIC's Visionis of a world in which trade in wild plants and animals is managed at sustainable levels without damaging the integrity of ecological systems and in such a manner that it makes a significant contribution to human needs, supports local and national economies and helps to motivate commitments to the conservation of wild species and their habitats.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
Definitions are provided along with relevant examples of what is meant by the expression "red data". ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
A tabulation is given of CITES categories. ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
An outline is provided of other degrees of scarcity/abundance of species. .
Key phases in the development of Nature Conservation is identified and discussed.
US: 252468
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1
Explain the concept and principles of nature conservation in broad terms.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The concept of nature conservation is explained in broad terms.Conserving the natural resources for future availability. To conserve is to protect a natural resource from over usage, hunting, harvesting and overall abusing. It must be done in such a manner that all aspects as people, areas and legislation agrees.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The principles of nature conservation are outlined as to define the role and purpose of Nature Conservation. We conserve resources from an ethical fundamental which is a principle, aswel as sustainability of a project.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
A comparison is drawn between sustainable and unsustainable use of natural resources. To be sustainable any project, farm, game reserve, heritage site, park needs 3 balanced fundamentals aka: money, physical aspects and cultural aspects.
Considering each contributes to the other.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2
Outline the history of nature conservation. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
An outline is given of key developments in the history of nature conservation as it applies to changing emphasis within this operational environment. Key developments in history include the trial and errors which have contributed to a paradigm shifts in people’s idea of what needs to be done to conserve resourses. From species conservation to biodiversity conservation. Animal centred to people centred aswell as protected areas shifting to landscape areas.
.ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 Phases such as different era’s, wants, beliefs, generations changes has caused different fases in conservation aswell as the impact of war, groot trek and inhabitation of South Africa as a whole. This all has lead to the realisation of conserving landmass, animals, minerals etc.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3
Demonstrate the relevance of nature conservation principles to society.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The value of nature conservation is explained as it applies to its aesthetic and ecological value. Aesthetically we conserve places or species for the beauty and peace of mind it contributes, it also generates more attraction for tourist and is both beneficial for work creation and tourist. Ecologically we conserve with the goal to keep ecosystems sustainable and self-functioning with minimal impact of human habitation. Ensuring a stable ecological system ensures safe drinking water sources and food availability and continuous resources.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The relevance of nature conservation is explained as it applies to the legacy of nature conservation for future generations. It is the ethical thing to do. Conserving means those future generations will also experience the resources we do at this day in time which is only fare. Effective conservation reduces global warming, eco-system collapse and destruction of natural heritage.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
The importance of nature conservation is explained as it applies to its economic and recreational value. Keeping resources sustainable means good eco-tourism, work creation, entrepreneurs, training and available medicine to local tribes. This all is beneficial for the economy of that specific area. People can also take part in sports and activities which they would travel far and wide to do. Conserving such places creates the possibilities of recreation.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
The contribution of nature conservation to a nation's health is described
South Africa is known for its biodiversity in cultures, fauna & flora, minerals, etc. conserving all these this creates attraction to south Africa from all over the world as we have some of the most beautiful places and animals to be seen as well as multiple different cultures and beliefs to experience. We have a rich history of war and apartheid and how our country rised from the ashes. Conserving what we have left makes South Africa a sustainable tourism industry.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4
Explain the inter-relatedness within ecosystems.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
The meaning of eco-system inter-relatedness is clarified through the use of key conservation terms. ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
The importance of conserving the integrity of the habitat is explained as it applies to the promoting of the survival of species. The importance of conserving such is to keep or develop it itno a sustainable system where minimal human interaction is needed. Implementing biodiversity for example makes an eco-system even more sustainable as it widens food chains and lowers risk of starvation.
SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5
Identify scarce plants and animals.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1
An outline is provided of the work of local, national and international conservations agencies. NGO's- non governmental organisation
IUCN- International union for conserving nature
WWF- world wildlife fund
TRAFFIC-TRAFFIC's Visionis of a world in which trade in wild plants and animals is managed at sustainable levels without damaging the integrity of ecological systems and in such a manner that it makes a significant contribution to human needs, supports local and national economies and helps to motivate commitments to the conservation of wild species and their habitats.
ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2
Definitions are provided along with relevant examples of what is meant by the expression "red data". ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3
A tabulation is given of CITES categories. ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4
An outline is provided of other degrees of scarcity/abundance of species. .
Key phases in the development of Nature Conservation is identified and discussed.
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